The Canterbury Museum is a museum located in the central city of Christchurch, New Zealand in the city's Cultural Precinct.

This small provincial museum was established in 1867 and has since grown in size to encompass New Zealand's diverse natural and human heritage. The Museum has become a widely-renowned and an internationally-visited institution. The Museum has more than two million collection items and specialises in the stories of early Maori, European settlement and Antarctic exploration.

The original building is registered as a "Historic Place - Category I " by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust.

The museum sustained some damage to its facade during the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, but remains structurally sound. An estimated 95% of the collections were unharmed. The statue of William Rolleston, located at the front of the museum, toppled off its plinth during the quake. The museum was subsequently closed for an indefinite period.